Japan is currently experiencing a severe outbreak of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS), a rare but deadly disease caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria. Here are the key details:
Outbreak Overview
- Number of Cases:
- As of June 2, 2024, Japan has reported 977 cases of STSS, surpassing the previous annual record of 941 cases reported in 2023.
- Deaths:
- The outbreak has resulted in 77 deaths between January and March 2024.
- The mortality rate is approximately 30%, with most fatalities occurring within 48 hours of symptom onset【8†source】.
- Symptoms and Progression:
- STSS starts with symptoms like fever, muscle pain, and vomiting.
- Rapid progression can lead to severe symptoms such as limb pain and swelling, low blood pressure, necrosis, organ failure, and death.
Affected Demographics
The disease primarily affects adults over 30, with those over 50 being particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes
Cause and Spread
- Bacteria:
- STSS is caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS), the same bacteria responsible for strep throat.
- Certain strains of GAS can invade deeper tissues and the bloodstream, leading to toxic shock and tissue destruction
- Factors Contributing to the Outbreak:
- The relaxation of COVID-era restrictions in Japan may have facilitated the spread of the bacteria.
Preventive Measures and Treatment
- Hygiene Practices:
- Health officials emphasize the importance of good hygiene, including frequent handwashing and proper wound care.
- Use of face masks in crowded or closed spaces, social distancing, and frequent sanitization of closed rooms are recommended.
Medical Attention:
Prompt medical attention is crucial as early symptoms can quickly escalate to life-threatening conditions
Treatment involves high-dose IV antibiotics and supportive care.
Expert Warnings and Predictions
- Experts warn that at the current rate, the number of cases in Japan could reach 2,500 by the end of the year.
- Despite the alarming numbers, it is not expected to reach pandemic levels, and travel restrictions are not anticipated.
